Originally posted by Bolt
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{ يُولِجُ ٱلْلَّيْلَ فِي ٱلنَّهَارِ وَيُولِجُ ٱلنَّهَارَ فِي ٱلْلَّيْلِ وَسَخَّرَ ٱلشَّمْسَ وَٱلْقَمَرَ كُلٌّ يَجْرِي لأَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى ذَلِكُمُ ٱللَّهُ رَبُّكُمْ لَهُ ٱلْمُلْكُ وَٱلَّذِينَ تَدْعُونَ مِن دُونِهِ مَا يَمْلِكُونَ مِن قِطْمِيرٍ }
{ إِن تَدْعُوهُمْ لاَ يَسْمَعُواْ دُعَآءَكُمْ وَلَوْ سَمِعُواْ مَا ٱسْتَجَابُواْ لَكُمْ وَيَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَامَةِ يَكْفُرُونَ بِشِرْكِـكُمْ وَلاَ يُنَبِّئُكَ مِثْلُ خَبِيرٍ }
{ He maketh the night to pass into the day and He maketh the day to pass into the night. He hath subdued the sun and moon to service. Each runneth unto an appointed term. Such is Allah, your Lord; His is the Sovereignty; and those unto whom ye pray instead of Him own not so much as the white spot on a date-stone. }
{ If ye pray unto them they hear not your prayer, and if they heard they could not grant it you. On the Day of Resurrection they will disown association with you. None can inform you like Him Who is Aware. }
[35:13-14]
Imam al-Tabari (d. 310 AH) stated in his Tafsir of the Aya 35:13 the following:
وقوله: { لَهُ الـمُلْكُ } يقول تعالـى ذكره: له الـملك التامّ الذي لا شيء إلاَّ وهو فـي ملُكه وسلطانه. وقوله { وَالَّذِينَ تَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِهِ ما يَـمْلِكُونَ مِنْ قِطْمِيرٍ } يقول تعالـى ذكره: والذين تعبدون أيها الناس من دون ربكم الذي هذه الصفة التـي ذكرها فـي هذه الآيات الذي له الـمُلك الكامل، الذي لا يُشبهه ملك، صفته { ما يَـمْلِكُونَ مِنْ قِطْمِيرٍ } يقول: ما يـملكون قِشْر نواة فما فوقها
With His statement { His is the Sovereignty } [Allah] - Exalted be his remembrance - says: His is the complete Sovereignty such that there is nothing except that it is in under His Sovereignty and Dominion. As for His Statement { and those unto whom ye pray instead of Him own not so much as the white spot on a date-stone }, then [Allah] - Exalted be his remembrance - says [by it]: O people, those whom you WORSHIP instead of your Lord - who is upon the attributes [of absolute perfection as] mentioned in the Ayat and for Whom is the complete Sovereignty - ... { own not so much as the white spot on a date-stone } He states [by this]: They do own as much as the [thin] coverage of a [date-]stone, so what about what is above that?
- end of quote -
And in his Tafsir of the Aya 35:14:
قوله: { إنْ تَدْعُوهُمْ لا يَسْمَعُوا دُعاءَكُمْ وَلَوْ سَمِعُوا ما اسْتَـجابُوا لَكُمْ } يقول تعالـى ذكره: إن تدعوا أيها الناس هؤلاء الآلهة التـي تعبدونها من دون الله لا يسمعوا دعاءكم، لأنها جماد لا تفهم عنكم ما تقولون { وَلَوْ سَمِعُوا ما اسْتَـجابُوا لَكُمْ } يقول: ولو سمعوا دعاءكم إياهم، وفهموا عنكم أنها قولكم، بأن جُعل لهم سمع يسمعون به، ما استـجابوا لكم، لأنها لـيست ناطقة، ولـيس كلّ سامع قولاً متـيسِّراً له الـجواب عنه. يقول تعالـى ذكره للـمشركين به الآلهة والأوثان: فكيف تعبدون من دون الله من هذه صفته، وهو لا نفع لكم عنده، ولا قُدرة له علـى ضرّكم، وتَدَعون عبـادة الذي بـيده نفعكم وضرّكم، وهو الذي خـلقكم وأنعم علـيكم. وبنـحو الذي قلنا فـي ذلك قال أهل التأويـل
With His statement { If ye pray unto them they hear not your prayer, and if they heard they could not grant it you } [Allah] - Exalted be his remembrance - says: O people, if you pray to these [false] gods - which you worship instead of Allah - they will not hear your prayers, because they are inanimate things (i.e. simply stones!) which can not comprehend what you're saying to them. { And if they heard they could not grant it you } He says [with this]: Even if they would hear your prayers towards them and understood your statements - such that they would have been given a hearing with which they hear -, they still would not be able to respond to you, because they're not speaking and not every thing that hears a simple statement is able to respond to it.
[Allah] - Exalted be his remembrance - says to these polytheists who are ascribing to him [false] gods and idols: How then do you worship instead of Allah those [idols] whose attributes are like this (i.e. inanimate and unable to hear or respond to your calls!) and they possess no benefit for you, nor are they able to harm you?! And then you leave the worship of the One in whose authority your benefit and harm lies, and the One who has created you and sent his favors upon you!
The like of what we stated was also stated by the people of interpretation (meaning: the scholars, who explain the Qur`an).
- end of quote -
So there are several points here:
- That { and those unto whom ye pray instead of Him } is intended as worship ('Ibada) in general (!) such that it includes calling out in worship and other forms of worship, but excludes a simple call (Nida`) which is not intended as worship. This is by the way clearly understood in the Arabic language!
- That these idols are simply inanimate stones, who can not hear or respond to one's prayers and that they do not possess the slightest benefit or harm. So how can these idols be gods besides or instead of Allah ta'ala?!
- That real benefit and harm is in the power of Allah ta'ala alone without any partners whatsoever and that therefore He alone is deserving of all worship.
Question: How does this Aya refer to Muslims asking the Prophet - sallallahu 'alayhi wa sallam - to supplicate for them? It obviously does not refer to them since they do not affirm any real influence for other than Allah ta'ala, nor do they you worship idols, nor do they ascribe any characteristics of divine Lordship to the Prophet, sallallahu 'alayhi wa sallam!
In fact asking someone to pray for you indicates that you're not regarding him as you Lord and God! This is clearly and obviously understood!
Part 2 - which will be regarding the 3rd Aya of Surat al-Zumar - shall follow soon insha`Allah...
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