Signs of the Quran - Astronomy

The movement of the sun is mentioned in connection with the movement of the moon despite of their difference. One might think that would be in line with a geocentric view of the universe, i.e. the sun and moon moving around the earth as declared by the Christian churches. The contrary was proven to the churches by Kepler and Newton in the 17th century after Kopernikus' theory.

In the above Ayah it is correct, since all bodies are described as having "each" their rounded course or orbit, which means that they have a different and separate route from each other. A rounded course is true for the moon, which moves around the earth, the earth and all the other celestial bodies (planets), which move around the sun and the sun itself, which moves around the epicentre of the galaxy.

A perpetual chain of circulations throughout the entire universe. This is the modern perception of the orbital movements already mentioned in the pre-telescopic age of the Quran, 1400 years ago by the Almighty Creator as a sign and later on discovered and established even by scientists who had to struggle hard against society for their recognition.

THE GEOCENTRIC AND HELIOCENTRIC MODELS:

Celestial Models by Ptolemy and Copernicus. Currently, most people consider it obvious that the sun is at the centre of the solar system, but the sun-centred (heliocentric) concept was slow to evolve.

In the 2nd century AD, Claudius Ptolemy proposed a model of the universe with the earth at the centre (geocentric). His model (shown left) depicts the earth as stationary with the planets, moon, and sun moving around it in small, circular orbits called epicycles. Ptolemy's system was accepted by astronomers and religious thinkers alike for several hundred years. It was not until the 16th century that Nicolaus Copernicus developed a model for the universe in which the sun was at the centre instead of the earth. The new model was rejected by the church, but it gradually gained popular acceptance because it provided better explanations for observed phenomena. Ironically, Copernicus' initial measurements were no more accurate than Ptolemy's, they just made more sense.