Surat Al kaafiroon Grammar and translation break down

[Ammarah]

سورة الكافرون

1 بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ
Qul ya ayyuha alkafiroona
Say (O Muhammad () to these Mushrikun and Kafirun): "O Al-Kafirun (disbelievers in Allah, in His Oneness, in His Angels, in His Books, in His Messengers, in the Day of Resurrection, and in Al-Qadar, etc.)!

2 لَا أَعْبُدُ مَا تَعْبُدُونَ
La aAAbudu ma taAAbudoona
"I worship not that which you worship,

3 وَلَا أَنتُمْ عَابِدُونَ مَا أَعْبُدُ
"Nor will you worship that which I worship.
Wala antum AAabidoona ma aAAbudu

4 وَلَاأَنَا عَابِدٌ مَّا عَبَدتُّمْ
Wala ana AAabidun ma AAabadtum
"And I shall not worship that which you are worshipping.

5 وَلَا أَنتُمْ عَابِدُونَ مَا أَعْبُدُ
Wala antum AAabidoona ma aAAbudu
"Nor will you worship that which I worship.

6 لَكُمْ دِينُكُمْ وَلِيَ دِينِ
Lakum deenukum waliya deeni
"To you be your religion, and to me my religion (Islamic Monotheism)."

[Ammarah]

1 قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ

قُلْ
Qul [Say]

يَا أَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ
Ya ayyhal kafiroon [O! Disbelievers, those who reject faith]


2 لَا أَعْبُدُ مَا تَعْبُدُونَ

لَا
La [not]

أَعْبُدُ
a3budu =[I worship]

مَا
ma [which]

تَعْبُدُونَ
ta3budoon =[You worship]


3 وَلَا أَنتُمْ عَابِدُونَ مَا أَعْبُدُ

وَلَا
wala [and nor]

أَنتُمْ
antum [you]

عَابِدُونَ
3abidoona [shall worship]

مَا أَعْبُدُ
ma a3bud [which I worship]

4 وَلَاأَنَا عَابِدٌ مَّا عَبَدتُّمْ

وَلَاأَنَا
wala ana [and nor I]

عَابِدٌ
3abidum** [worship]

مَّا عَبَدتُّمْ
ma [which]
3badtum [you have worshipped]

** shadda on the meem joins the ta dammatun straight to it, making it tum not tun.

[Ammarah]

5 وَلَا أَنتُمْ عَابِدُونَ مَا أَعْبُدُ

وَلَا أَنتُمْ

Wala antum [and nor you]

عَابِدُونَ
3abidoona [shall worship]

مَا أَعْبُدُ
ma a3bud [which I worship]


6 لَكُمْ دِينُكُمْ وَلِيَ دِينِ

لَكُمْ
lakum [to you]

دِينُكُمْ
deenukum [your religion]

وَلِيَ
waliya [and unto me]

دِينِ
deen(i) [my religion]

[.: Anna :.]

قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ
لَا أَعْبُدُ مَا تَعْبُدُونَ
وَلَا أَنتُمْ عَابِدُونَ مَا أَعْبُدُ
وَلَا أَنَا عَابِدٌ مَّا عَبَدتُّمْ
وَلَا أَنتُمْ عَابِدُونَ مَا أَعْبُدُ
لَكُمْ دِينُكُمْ وَلِيَ دِينِ

[.: Anna :.]

transliteration

qul yaa ayyahul kaafiroon

laa a3budu maa ta3budoon

wa laa antum 3aabidoon maa a3abud

wa laa anaa 3aabidun maa 3abattum

wa laa antum 3aabidoon maa a3abud

lakum deenukum wa liya deen

[.: Anna :.]

qul yaa ayyahul kaafiroon - Say (O Muhammad (Peace be upon him)to these Mushrikun and Kafirun): "O Al-Kafirun (disbelievers in Allah, in His Oneness, in His Angels, in His Books, in His Messengers, in the Day of Resurrection, and in Al-Qadar, etc.)!


qul - say (root qaf waw lam, this is an imperative of that verb qaala which is hollow)

yaa ayyahu - an invocative particle but before addressing somebody. often simpley yaa is used, but when addressing a group or in a formal situation this is more appropriate

al kaafiroon - disbelievers. the active particle of the verb kafara (root kaaf fa ra) which is form 1 hence the active participle pattern of faa3il. the oon is from the sound masculine plural ending

[.: Anna :.]

laa a3budu maa ta3budoon - I worship not that which you worship,

laa - a particle to negate a present tense (imperfect verb). it has no grammatical effect on the following verb other than negation
a3budu - the first person singular conjugation of 3abada (to worship). a form one verb with the middle letter taking damma as its vowel in the present. so the two words together mean "I do not worship..."

maa - maa is also a vague relative particle (kind of equal to ash-shay' aladhy = the thing which) so basically it means "what" or "that which" in this context.
ta3budoon - the second person plural conjucagion of 3abada. often taa is the prefix for second person (eg anta ta3budu) and an oon ending should always suggest plural

[.: Anna :.]

wa laa antum 3aabidoon maa a3abud - Nor will you worship that which I worship.

wa laa - as laa above. wa is simply a continuation particle
antum - second person plural pronoun (equivilent to plual of anta)
3aabidoon - the plural of the active participle "worshipper/3aabid" formed in the same way as kaafir mentioned above, formed with sound masculine ending
maa - as above
a3abud - 1st person singular conjugation of 3abada as mentioned above

[.: Anna :.]

wa laa anaa 3aabidun maa ta3budoon - And I shall not worship that which you are worshipping.

wa laa - as above
anaa - "I" - first person singular pronoun
3aabidun - the singular active particliple of 3aabid. "un" is tanween shown by 2 dammas and not written as a noon. this is because it is the predicate of the sentence subject with no particle to change it default grammatical case
maa - as above
3battum - plural 2nd person conj of 3abada in the past

[.: Anna :.]

wa laa antum 3aabidoon maa a3abud - as above, this ayah is repeated in the sura

[.: Anna :.]

lakum deenukum wa liya deen - To you be your religion, and to me my religion (Islamic Monotheism)."

lakum - to you, la (normally li when infront of names not suffixed with endings) means "to" and is suffixed by the possessive ending of "you" (plural)
deenukum - your religion. the basic word is deen, suffixed with the above ending of kum making it "your religion". this word although without an "al" is definate, because it is possessed. that is why there is no tanween on the word, and the single damma comes because deen is the subject of the sentence and not affected by any particles

wa liya - this is the equivilent of lakum, for the first person singular. "y" is the possesive ending in this case
deen

[.: Anna :.]

I felt that a small table of words from the root 3abada will help with this sura...

these are the conjugations in the imperfect and I will highlight the relevant ones

ana a3budu
anta ta3budu
anti ta3budeen
huwa ya3budu
hiya ta3budu

nahnu na3budu
antum ta3budoona
antunna ta3budna
hum ya3budoon
hunna ya3budna

(i left dual incase it causes unnessicary confusion and is not relevant)

Also the same for the active participles

ana 3aabid
anta 3aabid
anti 3aabida
huwa 3aabid
hiya 3aabida

nahnu 3aabidoon
antum 3aabidoon
antunna 3aabidaat
hum 3aabidoon
hunna 3aabidaat