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Arsalan
29-03-05, 05:13 PM
This is a very good and important essay, and basically exposes false movements thats have arisen amongst the muslims. Their origins and their aims.


Wanted: honest Muslim intellectuals

by Abid Ullah Jan

Email: abidjan@tanzeem.org (abidjan@tanzeem.org)





There is no denying the fact that even the well respected Western intellectuals, such as Bernard Lewis, did not shoulder their responsibility to expose the lies and analyze actions according to their causes and often hidden intentions. Unfortunately, many Muslims writers are toeing the same line under tremendous pressure and for many personal reasons under the label of “moderation.”


Despite the apparent political liberty, access to information and freedom of expression, there are forces that hold many Muslim analysts from seeking the truth lying hidden behind the veil of distortion and misrepresentation, and ideology through which the events of current history are presented to us.



The self-proclaimed Moderates´ aggressiveness, however it may be masked in pious rhetoric, is gradually promoted to the position of a dominant force in world affairs and must be analyzed in terms of its causes and motives. There is no body of theory or significant body of relevant information, beyond the comprehension of the layman, which makes the “moderate” mantra immune from criticism. To the extent that "moderates" seek peaceful co-existence with the West and want to address Muslim problems, it is surely appropriate to question their motives and intentions behind what they say, and the forces that make them say so, and also the goals their rhetoric serves. Some facts seem too obvious to require extended discussion.



It is easy to blame critics of the Muslims “moderates” as “extremists,” than to disprove the right analysis by the insiders like Noam Chomsky. He explains in his book, “Understanding Power,” that those associated with American Universities and think tanks are scared of being thrown out of these safe heavens for their challenging the status quo. This is particularly true with Muslims who have somehow managed to get into these institutions dominated by the not so hidden powers.

Chomsky writes that still, “in the universities or in any other institution, you can often find some dissidents hanging around in the woodwork—and they can survive in one fashion or another, particularly if they get community support. But if they become too disruptive or too obstreperous—or you know, too effective—they´re likely to be kicked out.”

This “kicking out” is the first degree fear that is compounded with self-interest and keeps many associated Muslims from speaking truth to power. Interestingly, those who are there are there because of certain backgrounds. In the words of Chomsky: “The standard thing, though, is that they won´t make it within the institutions in the first place, particularly if they were that way [truth tellers] when they were young—they´ll simply be weeded out somewhere along the line. So in most cases, the people who make it through the institutions and are able to remain in them have already internalized the right kinds of beliefs: it´s not a problem for them to be obedient, they already are obedient, that´s how they got there. And that´s pretty much how the ideological control system perpetuates itself in the schools—that´s the basic story of how it operates, I think.” [1]

That´s the basic story of how “moderate” Islam is now being promoted through select puppets. Those who had the responsibility to speak the truth and expose the lies have become accomplices in the non-violent war on Islam. For the “moderate” Muslim students, fellows and professors, the truth is all that comes in the official statements from Washington. To their disadvantage, the internet has now grown into a medium which makes the facts available to all who care to know. It provides evidence to refute each falsehood as it is presented in the opinion pieces by the “moderates” and their western cohorts.



The problem however is that the power of the government´s propaganda apparatus is such that those who do not undertake a research project on the crucial subjects can hardly hope to confront government pronouncements with fact. It is where the need for honest Muslim intellectuals increases manifold. There must be people on the part of Muslims to confront and counter the biases, half-truths and out-right lies about Islam from the hidden and exposed neo-cons.



The deceit and distortion surrounding the fundamentalist and extremist Islam and the US war on terrorism is by now so familiar that it has lost its power to shock. It is therefore useful to recall that although new levels of cynicism are constantly being reached as more and more evidence is unearthed to disprove the official stories, their clear antecedents have been accepted by Muslim analysts with quiet toleration. It is a useful exercise to compare the US government and intellectual community´s statements at the time of supporting Jihad in Afghanistan from 1979 to 1989 with the US condemnation of the same concept 15 years later with the active support of the sell-out intellectuals.



Nor is it only in moments of crisis that duplicity is considered perfectly in order. Muslim “scholars,” have scarcely distinguished themselves by a passionate concern for historical accuracy, even when they are not being called upon to provide a "propaganda cover" for ongoing actions or the past. Hussain Haqqani, a scholar at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, for example, in one of his attempts to discredit the concept of Jihad, the role of traitors in Muslims´ defeats, etc., asserts that the British defeat of Nawab SirajudDaula of Bengal in the battle of Plassey in 1757 was not the result of the defection of Mir Jaffer. To him the British “might have had superior armaments and strategy, and that Jaffer´s decision to support the British might have been the result of their military superiority.” [2] Whereas British themselves write that Muslims had far superior weaponry and their victory was made possible only through the treachery of Mir Jaffer. [3]



The timing is important. Had such articles appeared 15 years ago, one could attribute it to ignorance. But condemning the same concept as Jihadism and JIhadists in their work after the US declaration of war on Islam under the banner of the war on terrorism shows there is something wrong. It is already public knowledge that these initiatives had preceded the escalation of war after 9/11.



Coming in the post 9/11 environment, the “moderate” intellectuals´ pro-US stance and statements are less an example of opportunism and deceit than of contempt — contempt for an audience that can be expected to tolerate such anti-Islam chorus with silence, if not approval.

In addition to the growing lack of concern for truth, we find, in the work of Muslims associated with Western, particularly the US institutions, a real or feigned naiveté about American actions that reaches startling proportions. Their recently discovered sympathies with Israel are really astonishing. Hussain Haqqani argues that Israel is “a reality and it might be in Pakistan´s interest to overcome ideology to recognize reality.” [4] Other "moderate" Muslim researchers, such as Muqtedar Khan, also a visiting fellow at Brooking Institute, believe:

1. Allah, through the Qur´an, tells Muslims to forgive injustices that Jews and Christians commit against Muslims [in other words, accept oppression in the present context].

2. The Israeli occupation of Palestine is "perhaps central to Muslim grievance against the West." The use of “perhaps” means, "moderates" are still doubtful.

3. The Israeli government treats its one million Arab citizens "with greater respect and dignity than most Arab nations treat their citizens." [5] It means, there is no need to support the suffering Palestinians. In a New York Times article, Muqtedar Khan writes: “Muslims must realize that the interests of our sons and daughters, who are American, must come before the interests of our brothers and sisters, whether they are Palestinian, Kashmiri or Iraqi.” [6]

Such comments are so wide of the mark and so irrelevant to the ground reality that even non-Muslims, who sacrificed their lives for alleviating suffering of the Palestinians, will feel ashamed to read. It surpasses belief that a person with even a minimal acquaintance with the record of American foreign policy could produce such statements.

Similar are their views about democracy, indispensability of secularism and the US role in promoting good governance in the Muslim world that these surpass belief, that is, unless Muslim intellectuals look at the matter from a more historical point of view, and place such statements in the context of the hypocritical moralism of the past; for example, of Woodrow Wilson, who, like Bush 2 in Iraq, was going to teach the Latin Americans the art of good government, and who wrote (1902) that it is "our peculiar duty" to teach colonial peoples "order and self-control…[and]…the drill and habit of law and obedience…”; Or of the missionaries of the 1840s, who described the hideous and degrading opium wars as "the result of a great design of Providence to make the wickedness of men subserve his purposes of mercy toward China, in breaking through her wall of exclusion, and bringing the empire into more immediate contact with western and Christian nations."



Let us fast forward to the war on terrorism, invasion and occupation of Muslim lands on the basis of outright lies turned to justifications for democracy and the response that it has aroused among Muslim intellectuals. A striking feature of the recent debate on the US policy has been the distinction that is commonly drawn between "responsible criticism," on the one hand, and "sentimental," "emotional," and "extremist" criticism, on the other. There is much to be learned from a careful study of the terms in which this distinction is drawn. The "extremist critics" are to be identified, apparently, by their “irrational” refusal to accept one fundamental political axiom, namely that the United States has the right to extend its power and reform Muslim societies without limit, insofar as is feasible. “Responsible” criticism does not challenge this assumption, but argues, rather, that Muslims probably can´t "do without it" at this particular time and place.



Other than the “moderates” characterization of dissent as “extremism,” it is important to note the assumptions on which it rests. Is the purity of American and pro-American moderates´ motives a matter that is beyond discussion, or that is irrelevant to discussion even though of their lies are internationally exposed?



There is much more that can be said about this topic, but, it is necessary to emphasize that, as is no doubt obvious, the cult of “moderate” experts of Islam is both self-serving, for those who propound it, and fraudulent. Obviously, the core message of Islam is moderation; obviously, unnecessary violence is not permitted in Islam. But it will be quite unfortunate, and highly dangerous, if the so-called moderates are not judged on their merits and according to their actual, not pretended, accomplishments.



In particular, if there is a body of “moderate” Islam´s theory, well-tested and verified, that applies to the conduct of foreign affairs or the resolution of domestic or international conflict, its existence has been kept a well-guarded secret. In the case of war on terrorism and occupations launched on the basis of lies for democracy, if those who feel themselves to be perfect “moderates” have access to principles or information that would justify what the American government is doing in the Muslim world, they have been singularly ineffective in making this fact known. To anyone who has any familiarity with Islam and the social and behavioral sciences (or the "policy sciences"), the claim that following the fundamentals of Islam leads to extremism, or that application of the core message of Islam and Shari´ah is not compatible with modern times (secular democracy) is simply an absurdity, unworthy of comment.



When we consider the responsibility of Muslim intellectuals in 21st century, our basic concern must be their role in the understanding of Islam and providing defense against the lies propagated against Muslims and Islam.



It is easy for the sell-out intellectuals of Islam to deliver homilies on the virtues of freedom and liberty, but if they are really concerned about, say, US sponsored dictatorships, such as in Pakistan and Egypt, or the burdens imposed on the Afghans and Iraqis, then they should face a task that is infinitely more important and challenging — the task of creating, in the United States, the intellectual and moral climate that would permit it to release Muslims from direct and indirect occupations.



Granting Muslims true independence and letting them live by Islam might not succeed in alleviating the problems that tend to accompany early stages of developing new set ups, but they are far more likely to have positive effects than lectures on democratic values.



It is possible that even without the seemingly secular occupation — led by Christianists from Bush, the altar boy, [7] at the top and General Boykin on the field [8] — in its various manifestations, the truly democratic elements in Islamic revolutionary movements might be undermined by some fringe elements with extreme views. But it is almost certain that secular occupation itself, which all revolutionary movements now have to face, will guarantee this result.





There is indeed something of a consensus among Muslim intellectuals who have already achieved power and affluence, or who sense that they can achieve them by accepting Washington´s approach towards the Muslim world as it is and promoting the values that are presently being honored. It is also true that this consensus is most noticeable among the “moderate” experts and Muslim dictators who are shedding their old skins to make themselves acceptable to Washington. This consensus proposes and justifies the application of American power in the Muslim world, whatever the human cost, on the grounds that it is necessary to contain “Islamism” and “Muslim terrorism.”



It is this mentality that explains the frankness with which the United States Government and its academic apologists, including Muslim “moderates,” defend the American refusal to let Muslims live by Islam under an Islamic State. The concept of an Islamic State has become the most ridiculed concept of modern times even thought many Western analysts are coming to the conclusion that secular democracy has been abused beyond repair by different forces and corporate interests; that an Islamic State could not be a threat to Western governments and their interests; and that dictators such and Musharraf and Mubarak and the so-called “moderate” intellectuals are persons afflicted with benighted opportunism.



The battleground of intellectuals were supposed to be the minds and loyalties of the masses, the weapons were to be ideas. But here come unimaginable support for the “moderates" from both the hidden and obvious forces in the US. Instead of loyalties from masses, “moderates” Muslim intellectuals receive “celebration by governments, grants from foundations, recognition by the media and attention from the academy” [9] as a reward for the point of view they espouse.



Frankly, “moderates” are not strong enough now to compete with the few and far between truth tellers among Muslims on a purely political basis. They have logic and reason, and discussion on groups, such as PIDL, shows vagueness of moderate mantra and the failure of those who espouse moderatism in responding to solid arguments put forward by honest intellectuals.



Officials in Washington understand the situation very well. Top officials have declared on numerous occasions that there can be no dialogue or negotiations with the enemy unless the enemy comes to terms with demands from Washington. [10] The same attitude is adopted by the intellectuals who toe Washington´s line. They are happy discussing and exchanging ideas within their own community of loyalists to the throne in Washington.



Besides insisting upon the truth, it is also responsibility of Muslim intellectuals to see events in their historical perspective. They must realize the danger of appeasement, as many of us tirelessly point out to the sitting Muslim regimes — which, they claim, are playing Chamberlain to the Hitler in Washington. Of course, the aggressiveness of American imperialism apparently is not that of Nazi Germany, though the distinction may seem academic to an Iraqi who is being bombed or starved to death. America does not want to occupy Iraq; it merely wishes to help the Arab/Muslim countries progress toward democracy and modernization, as relatively open and stable societies.



The formulation is appropriate. Recent history shows that it makes little difference to the US what form of government a country has so long as it remains an "open society," in the American peculiar sense of this term — that is, a society that remains open to American economic exploitation and political control, like Saudi Arabia, where no invasion for democracy is on cards as long as economic exploitation continues and its policies are under total American control. If it is necessary to approach genocide in Iraq to achieve this objective, than this is the price, in the words of Madeline Albright, the US must pay in defense of freedom.



Before devoting themselves to promoting Washington´s agenda, Muslim intellectuals need to realize that the US is breaking no new grounds in pursuing the aim of helping other countries towards progress with no thought of territorial aggrandizement. In fact, few imperialist powers have had explicit territorial ambitions. Thus in 1784, the British Parliament announced: "To pursue schemes of conquest and extension of dominion in India are measures repugnant to the wish, honor, and policy of this nation." Shortly after this, the conquest of India was in full swing. A century later, Britain announced its intentions in Egypt under the slogan "intervention, reform, withdrawal." It is obvious which parts of this promise were fulfilled within the next half-century.



In 1936, on the eve of hostilities in North China, the Japanese stated their Basic Principles of National Policy. These included the use of moderate and peaceful means to extend her strength, to promote social and economic development, to eradicate the menace of Communism, to correct the aggressive policies of the great powers, and to secure her position as the stabilizing power in East Asia. Even in 1937, the Japanese government had "no territorial designs upon China." In short, the US is flowing a well-trodden path with the only difference that the “political Islam” has replaced communism and other created evils and some Muslims have accepted the basic argument for justifying the US aggression against Muslim societies under the cloak of moderation.



In no small measure, it is blind devotion of Muslim intellectuals to the US agenda that lie behind the butchery in Iraq, Afghanistan, Palestine and Kashmir and we had better face up to it with candor, or we will find our “moderates” and the US government leading us towards a "final solution" in Iraq and Palestine, and in the many Muslim countries that inevitably lie ahead.



Let us finally return to Noam Chomsky. He explains “the fate of an honest intellectual” (in his book Understanding Power) when he fulfills his responsibility. Of course it is hard to get into and then remain at places such as Brooking Institute and telling truth to power. In Noam Chomsky words: “in most cases, the people [particularly Muslims] who make it through the institutions and are able to remain in them have already internalized the right kind of beliefs: it´s not a problem for them to be obedient, they already are obedient, that´s how they got there.”



The problem with Muslims, however, is that most of those who are not even part of what Noam Chomsky calls “the ideological control system” toe the same line as a tick of fashion. Leading English dailies in the Muslim world feel proud to print articles from those engaged with the ideological control system of RAND and Brookings, etc., but shy away from publishing rebuttals to their hodge podge.

Here is where honest Muslim intellectuals come to play their role. The term honest Muslim intellectual is used to distinguish between those who are part of one or another extreme of the Muslim thought by virtue of their respective systems of indoctrination and those who analyse the world affairs without any personal interest at all. These intellectuals are not the ones whose understanding of Islam is reduced to a few quotes or phrases from the neo-cons lexicon, repeatedly used to please a specific audience each time they write. Nor are they the ones who think of moderation in terms of its axiological phenomena like building bridges, pro-democracy, pro-America, or pro-Israel.

The honest Muslim intellectual has to be one who understands the fundamental differences between Islam and kufr, and would therefore not confuse one with the other just in the name of bridging the gap between the two for no clear objective in mind other than pleasing his masters. In order to do his job, he has to know how and why Islam and Kufr are different, and where the differences actually lie. They cannot simply talk about differences in terms of dress, culture or behaviour — these are merely the symptoms of difference, but they do not constitute the actual epistemological difference itself.

The honest Muslim intellectuals are not some kind of hybrid species, who emerge in the space between Kufr and Islam and whose borderline thoughts belong to none. It is naïve to claim that “moderates” Muslim intellectuals have their feet planted in their local traditions as well as the broader world of the modern age. They might feel comfortable in both and handicapped by neither, but that is not what is requirement of the time. The honest Muslim intellectual is one who is not daunted by the task of delving into the neo-cons´ knowledge and Washington´s agenda for critical answers and solutions to all problems. Such intellectuals are better able to do so because they are not the product of the thought control systems. They do independent research which is not narrow and rigid. They are not bound by norms and rules of the US think tanks´ discursive activity, because they are not really part of that particular narrow tradition.

The honest Muslim intellectuals have a role to play for the world community as a whole. The process of questioning the validity of doctrines and values promoted by Washington and allied intellectuals has already begun. As we have seen in recent years, a critical questioning and reassessment of the claims to human rights championship and monopoly over liberation and democracy has been done in the West. Thanks to the lessons of post-9/11 U.S. adventures and critical theory we all know that the modernity and moderation the US promote are not innocent.

Even the extremist American “intellectuals” such as Daniel Pipes have started to realise that the so-called “moderates” Muslims are mere “reformist apologetic.” [11] He is now looking for his allies in atheist Muslims [12] but at least it shows that the process of questioning credibility of the "moderates" has begun and would gradually develop into a more critical attitude towards the opportunist Muslims, who stand to betray both Muslims and non-Muslim alike.



source (http://www.tanzeem.org/resources/articles/article.asp?id=212)

abdulhakeem
30-03-05, 02:27 AM
Should we forgive the kuffaar if they harm us?

Question : What is the ruling on forgiving kufaar if they talk bad about us behind our back, or do something to us like put a dent in our car.
The normal rule I know is to forgive the ignorant when they do these things, but I read in Usoolus Sunnah (a book in english) that Imam Ahmad said "I forgive everyone except a mubtadi'" - so if he does not forgive a mubtadi' then why should we forgive kufaar?.

Answer : Praise be to Allaah.


Firstly:

Islam urges us to be tolerant and forgive others. This is indicated in both the Qur’aan and the Sunnah. Indeed, one of the features of Islam is that it is deen al-rahmah (the religion of mercy). By the same token the Muslim should be easy going, not one who puts others off; he should forgive when he is able to take revenge and be tolerant when people make mistakes.

Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

“Many of the people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians) wish that if they could turn you away as disbelievers after you have believed, out of envy from their ownselves, even after the truth (that Muhammad is Allaah’s Messenger) has become manifest unto them. But forgive and overlook, till Allaah brings His Command. Verily, Allaah is Able to do all things”

[al-Baqarah 2:109]

“So, because of their breach of their covenant, We cursed them and made their hearts grow hard. They change the words from their (right) places and have abandoned a good part of the Message that was sent to them. And you will not cease to discover deceit in them, except a few of them. But forgive them and overlook (their misdeeds). Verily, Allaah loves Al‑Muhsinoon (good‑doers”

[al-Maa’idah 5:13]

“O you who believe! Verily, among your wives and your children there are enemies for you (who may stop you from the obedience of Allaah); therefore beware of them! But if you pardon (them) and overlook, and forgive (their faults), then verily, Allaah is Oft‑Forgiving, Most Merciful”

[al-Taghaabun 64:14]

So this forgiveness of the kaafirs should be for the sake of seeking reward with Allaah and softening the hearts of the kaafirs to the idea of entering the religion of Allaah. This is a kind of gentleness and tolerance that is encouraged and is aimed at achieving great things, namely reward from Allaah and encouraging the kaafirs to enter the religion of Islam. For the attitude of the Muslims conquered the hearts of many of the mushrikeen before the Muslims’ swords and cavalry conquered their strongholds, and they entered the religion of Allaah in crowds, seeking whatever it was in this religion that created such a good attitude in its people.

Allaah says concerning this (interpretation of the meaning):

“And by the Mercy of Allaah, you dealt with them gently. And had you been severe and harsh‑hearted, they would have broken away from about you; so pass over (their faults), and ask (Allaah’s) forgiveness for them; and consult them in the affairs. Then when you have taken a decision, put your trust in Allaah, certainly, Allaah loves those who put their trust (in Him)”

[Aal ‘Imraan 3:159]

The mercy, kindness and gentleness of the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) was the reason why people entered the religion of Allaah. If the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) had not been so kind and gentle, he would have put off the people around him, and they would have left him and not believed in his message.

It was narrated from ‘Urwah ibn al-Zubayr that ‘Aa’ishah (may Allaah be pleased with her), the wife of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: A group of Jews entered upon the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and said, “Al-saam ‘alaykum.” (al-saam means death). ‘Aa’ishah said: “I understood them, and said, ‘Wa ‘alaykum al-saam wa’l-la’nah (and upon you be death and curses).’ But the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said, ‘Wait, O ‘Aa’ishah, for Allaah loves kindness in all things.’ I said, ‘O Messenger of Allaah, did you not hear what they said?’ The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: ‘I said, “Wa ‘alaykum (and also unto you).”’”

Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 5678; Muslim, 2164

Ibn Hajar said, commenting on this hadeeth:

Because the Jews at that time were people with whom the Muslims had a treaty, so it seems that this was for the purpose of maintaining harmony with them.

Fath al-Baari, 11/43

Secondly:

Allaah has given the Muslim permission, if aggression is committed against him, to settle the score, but He encourages him to forgive. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

“The recompense for an evil is an evil like thereof; but whoever forgives and makes reconciliation, his reward is with Allaah. Verily, He likes not the Zaalimoon (oppressors, polytheists, and wrongdoers).

And indeed whosoever takes revenge after he has suffered wrong, for such there is no way (of blame) against them.

The way (of blame) is only against those who oppress men and rebel in the earth without justification; for such there will be a painful torment.

And verily, whosoever shows patience and forgives, that would truly be from the things recommended by Allaah”

[al-Shoora 42:40-43]

“Allaah does not like that the evil should be uttered in public except by him who has been wronged. And Allaah is Ever All‑Hearer, All‑Knower”

[al-Nisa’ 4:148]

But we should note that the Muslim should forgive any wrong done to him by a kaafir in such a way that does not cause him humiliation, because the Muslim should be proud. Allaah has honoured him and he should feel proud of that and take that as his attitude, because if he is proud then Islam and all the Muslims are honoured. But if this forgiveness will lead to humiliation, then the Muslim has to settle the score. Concerning that Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

“And those who, when an oppressive wrong is done to them, take revenge”

[al-Shoora 42:39]

Imam Ibn Rajab al-Hanbali said, commenting on this verse:

With regard to the phrase “And those who, when an oppressive wrong is done to them, take revenge” – this does not contradict the idea of forgiveness, because taking revenge may mean demonstrating the ability to take revenge, then one may forgive after that, in which case forgiveness will come in a better context. Al-Nakha’i said concerning this verse: They do not like to be humiliated, so if they are in a position to settle the score, then they will forgive. Mujaahid said: They did not like for the believer to let himself be humiliated, which would lead the evildoers to feel contempt for him.

If the believer is wronged, then he should show that he is able to take revenge, then he should forgive after that. Many of the salaf did that, including ‘Ata’, Qutaadah and others.

Jaami’ al-‘Uloom wa’l-Hukam, 1/179

Hence forgiveness is not good in all cases, rather it may be blameworthy if it results in humiliation of the Muslim or encourages the aggressor even further, etc.

Allaah has referred to that in the verse (interpretation of the meaning): “but whoever forgives and makes reconciliation, his reward is with Allaah” [al-Shoora 42:40]. Here Allaah states that forgiveness is only good if it is done for the sake of reconciliation; if it leads to bad consequences then it is not good.

Hence the Muslim should look at which serves the greater interest – forgiveness or seeking revenge – and act accordingly. This will vary according to circumstances and the people involved. What Imam Ahmad said about forgiving everyone who causes harm except for an innovator (mubtadi’) is in accordance with this, because he thought that forgiving the followers of bid’ah would have bad consequences, which is that the people would be encouraged to follow innovation. So he stated clearly that innovators were not to be forgiven, as a way of putting people off from those innovations.

Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

“O you who believe! Whoever from among you turns back from his religion (Islam), Allaah will bring a people whom He will love and they will love Him; humble towards the believers, stern towards the disbelievers, fighting in the way of Allaah, and never fear of the blame of the blamers. That is the Grace of Allaah which He bestows on whom He wills. And Allaah is All‑Sufficient for His creatures’ needs, All‑Knower”

[al-Maa'idah 5:54]

“Muhammad is the Messenger of Allaah. And those who are with him are severe against disbelievers, and merciful among themselves. You see them bowing and falling down prostrate (in prayer), seeking Bounty from Allaah and (His) Good Pleasure. The mark of them (i.e. of their Faith) is on their faces (foreheads) from the traces of prostration (during prayers). This is their description in the Tawraat (Torah). But their description in the Injeel (Gospel) is like a (sown) seed which sends forth its shoot, then makes it strong, and becomes thick and it stands straight on its stem, delighting the sowers, that He may enrage the disbelievers with them. Allaah has promised those among them who believe (i.e. all those who follow Islamic Monotheism, the religion of Prophet Muhammad till the Day of Resurrection) and do righteous good deeds, forgiveness and a mighty reward (i.e. Paradise)”

[al-Fath 48:29]

So the Muslim has the right to forgive with regard to things that have to do with him, i.e., his personal rights, but he does not have the right to remain silent when the sacred limits of Allaah are transgressed.

It was narrated that ‘Aa’ishah (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: “The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) was never given the choice between two things but he chose the easier of them, so long as it was not a sin. But if it was a sin he would be the furthest of the people from it. And the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) never took revenge for himself, unless the sacred limits of Allaah were transgressed, then he would take revenge for the sake of Allaah.”

Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 3367; Muslim, 2327

Thirdly:

It is permissible for a Muslim to refrain from taking revenge on a kaafir if the Muslim is in a weak position and is not strong. If he is weak then it is permissible for him not to fight. Allaah forbade the Muslims to fight at the beginning of Islam when they were weak and oppressed. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

“Truly, Allaah defends those who believe. Verily, Allaah likes not any treacherous ingrate to Allaah [those who disobey Allaah but obey Shaytaan (Satan)]”

[al-Hajj 22:38]

Imam al-Qurtubi said, commenting on this verse:

It was narrated that this was revealed because of the believers whose numbers had increased in Makkah and they were being persecuted by the kuffaar. After some of them had migrated to Abyssinia, some of the believers in Makkah wanted to fight whomever they could of the kuffaar and to assassinate them, betray them and trick them. So this verse was revealed, in which Allaah promised to defend the believers, and He expressly forbade treachery and betrayal.

Tafseer al-Qurtubi, 12/67

But when the Muslims grew stronger after having been weak, Allaah gave the believers permission to fight, as He said:

“Permission to fight (against disbelievers) is given to those (believers) who are fought against, because they have been wronged; and surely, Allaah is Able to give them (believers) victory”

[al-Hajj 22:39]

Imam al-Qurtubi said, commenting on this verse:

With regard to the phrase “Permission to fight (against disbelievers) is given to those (believers) who are fought against”. It was said that this is the explanation of the words “Truly, Allaah defends those who believe”, i.e., He wards off the plots of the kuffaar by allowing the Muslims to fight and by granting them victory. It implies that He gave permission to fight to those who were able to fight, as is indicated by the context. Al-Dahhaak said: The companions of the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) asked for permission to fight the kuffaar because they had persecuted them in Makkah, then Allaah revealed the words “Verily, Allaah likes not any treacherous ingrate to Allaah”. But after the Hijrah He revealed the words “Permission to fight (against disbelievers) is given to those (believers) who are fought against, because they have been wronged”, which abrogated everything in the Qur’aan about ignoring them and forgiving them. This is the first verse which was revealed about fighting. Ibn ‘Abbaas and Ibn Jubayr said: It was revealed when the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) migrated to Madeenah. Al-Nasaa’i and al-Tirmidhi narrated that Ibn ‘Abbaas said: When the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) was expelled from Makkah, Abu Bakr said, “They have expelled their Prophet, they will surely be destroyed.” Then Allaah revealed the words (interpretation of the meaning):

“Permission to fight (against disbelievers) is given to those (believers) who are fought against, because they have been wronged; and surely, Allaah is Able to give them (believers) victory”

[al-Hajj 22:39]

Abu Bakr said: “Then I knew that there would be fighting.”

Classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Tirmidhi, 2535

Tafseer al-Qurtubi, 12/68

Fourthly:

The Muslim should give up his rights that a kaafir may have taken if insisting on his rights will result in a greater loss of his rights.

The scholars mentioned that denouncing an evil action may be haraam if it will lead to a greater evil.

I’laam al-Muwaqqi’een, 3/4

Examples of that in the matter under discussion include the following.

If Muslims live in a land where the majority are kaafirs, if one of the Muslims is mistreated, insulted or beaten by them, and his taking revenge will leave to the kaafirs wreaking vengeance on him and on his Muslim brothers, then it is wise for him to keep quiet, in the hope that this will be in the interests of the Muslims in that land. And he should seek reward for that with the One with Whom no deed, great or small, is ever lost.

But if he can repay this evil and manifest the honour of Islam and the Muslims without that leading to a greater harm from them, then he must ward off that wrongdoing and show pride in his religion, and humiliate kufr and its people.

And Allaah knows best.

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