Ammarah
25-06-03, 09:42 PM
Come here تعال هنا Ta'aala Hunaa
I went to the store ذهبت إلى الدكّانDhahabtu ilaa ad-Dukaani
Where is Hassan أين حسن؟ Ayna Hassan?
tomorrow i am going to the masjid سأذهب إلى المسجد غداً إن شاء الله Sa adh-habu ilaa al-Masjidi Ghadan - insha-Allah
Tomorrow she is going to a store ستذهب إلى دكّانِ غداً إن شاء الله Sa tadh-habu ilaa Dukaanin Ghadan
Yesterday she went to the masjid ذهبت إلى المسجدِ أمسِ Dhahabat ilaa al-masjidi amsi
Grammar/Comments:
1) هنا means 'here' - هناك is 'there' hunaaka, and if you want to say 'there' (but really far) turn it to هنالك hunaalika.
2) In the above sentences, it illustrated that 'I went' is ذهبت dhahabtu. 'She went' is ذهبت dhahabat. So the basic verb 'to go/he went' is ذهب dhahaba.
In both these examples, the verb is happening in the past - the action has already been completed and carried out [so it is described as being in the 'perfect tense'] - so to form verbs in this tense in Arabic, the basic verb itself does not change, it will always have these three letters in it. The only difference is that a range of suffix pronouns are attached to the end of the verb, indicating the person carrying out the verb. A list of these pronouns for the singular are:
3rd person, masc. sing. (he) dhahaba ذهبَ
3rd person, fem, sin. (she) dhahabat ذهبتْ
2nd person, masc. sing (you [m]) dhahabta ذهبْتَ
2nd person, fem, sing (you [f]) dhahabti ذهبْتِ
1st person, sing. (I) dhahabtu ذهبْتُ
NOTE: In Arabic, a distinction is always made in gender (except 1st person, because the gender is obvious then). There is no general 'you' as there is in English - pay attn to this.
This can be done to any 'sound' verb. A 'sound' verb is one that does not end with the letters ا, و, ي in the basic infinitive form 'to do/he did' (the infinitive is demonstrated just using the 3rd masc. sing. in Arabic).
[Will talk about the imperfect tense (present/future tenses rolled into one!) another time inshaa'Allaah)
3) The word 'the' is used to make nouns definite. It is called 'the definite article'. In Arabic, this is expressed by placing an ...ال before the noun. eg 'the shop' الدكّان 'a shop' دكّان
4) Adverbs of time (e.g أمسِ 'yesterday', غداً 'tomorrow') are placed at the END of the clause in Arabic. Arabic has a lot more syntactic flexibility than English, in the sense that there are not such strict rules about word order, it can be played around and manipulated without affecting the meaning. So while it is highly POSSIBLE to place the adverb at the beginning of the sentence, it is extremely bad style and sounds very vulgur - its used mainly in spoken arabic.
I went to the store ذهبت إلى الدكّانDhahabtu ilaa ad-Dukaani
Where is Hassan أين حسن؟ Ayna Hassan?
tomorrow i am going to the masjid سأذهب إلى المسجد غداً إن شاء الله Sa adh-habu ilaa al-Masjidi Ghadan - insha-Allah
Tomorrow she is going to a store ستذهب إلى دكّانِ غداً إن شاء الله Sa tadh-habu ilaa Dukaanin Ghadan
Yesterday she went to the masjid ذهبت إلى المسجدِ أمسِ Dhahabat ilaa al-masjidi amsi
Grammar/Comments:
1) هنا means 'here' - هناك is 'there' hunaaka, and if you want to say 'there' (but really far) turn it to هنالك hunaalika.
2) In the above sentences, it illustrated that 'I went' is ذهبت dhahabtu. 'She went' is ذهبت dhahabat. So the basic verb 'to go/he went' is ذهب dhahaba.
In both these examples, the verb is happening in the past - the action has already been completed and carried out [so it is described as being in the 'perfect tense'] - so to form verbs in this tense in Arabic, the basic verb itself does not change, it will always have these three letters in it. The only difference is that a range of suffix pronouns are attached to the end of the verb, indicating the person carrying out the verb. A list of these pronouns for the singular are:
3rd person, masc. sing. (he) dhahaba ذهبَ
3rd person, fem, sin. (she) dhahabat ذهبتْ
2nd person, masc. sing (you [m]) dhahabta ذهبْتَ
2nd person, fem, sing (you [f]) dhahabti ذهبْتِ
1st person, sing. (I) dhahabtu ذهبْتُ
NOTE: In Arabic, a distinction is always made in gender (except 1st person, because the gender is obvious then). There is no general 'you' as there is in English - pay attn to this.
This can be done to any 'sound' verb. A 'sound' verb is one that does not end with the letters ا, و, ي in the basic infinitive form 'to do/he did' (the infinitive is demonstrated just using the 3rd masc. sing. in Arabic).
[Will talk about the imperfect tense (present/future tenses rolled into one!) another time inshaa'Allaah)
3) The word 'the' is used to make nouns definite. It is called 'the definite article'. In Arabic, this is expressed by placing an ...ال before the noun. eg 'the shop' الدكّان 'a shop' دكّان
4) Adverbs of time (e.g أمسِ 'yesterday', غداً 'tomorrow') are placed at the END of the clause in Arabic. Arabic has a lot more syntactic flexibility than English, in the sense that there are not such strict rules about word order, it can be played around and manipulated without affecting the meaning. So while it is highly POSSIBLE to place the adverb at the beginning of the sentence, it is extremely bad style and sounds very vulgur - its used mainly in spoken arabic.