ATP - biology

[ana_mujahid]

i finished by revision on this but i just want you to make it 100% clear to me.

in my biology dictionary it says:

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) A nucleotide this is the fundamental importance as a carrier of chemical energy in all living orgamisms. it cosists of adenine linked to D-ribose (i.e. adenosine); the d-ribose component bears three phosphate groups, linearly linked together by covalent bonds (see forula). these bonds can undergo hydrolysis to yield either a molecule of ADP (adensoine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate or a molecule of AMP and pyrophosphat. both these reactions yield a large amount of energy this is used to bring about such biological processes as muscle contraction, the aactive transport of ions and molecules across plama membranes, and the synthesis of biomolecules. the reactions brining about these processes of ten involved enzyme-catalysed transfer of the phosphate group to intermediate substrats, for example by a kinase enzyme. most ATP-mediated reactions require MG2+ ions as cofactores.

this goes on for another chapter, but i believe this is more than enough for my lvl (gcse/year 11/ grade 10)

okay if im asked in the exam about ATP i cannot write all of which ive written, so i need this to be summarised, shortened, and my lvl language.

some of my friends in school say that ATP is a source of energy and other that it only carries energy, and others it makes energy,
im totally confused, :rubeyes:

so well erm.. thats it...

thanks again :p

:)


dnt mind any spelling mistakes from the dictionary quote, im typing fast cuz i need to get back to revising gas exchange in humans

[Joha]

ATP as a source of energy is most accurate. What happens is, ATP consists of a chain of phosphate molecules. Every time you knock one off (chemically), energy is released.

So the energy the cell uses is the energy released from breaking one of the bonds mentioned in the extract, and thus removing one of the phosphate molecules...

So every time you get energy from ATP...

Start with Tri-Phosphate => (break one bond) (release energy) => Di-phosphate, and then you can do the whole thing again...

make sense?

[Arsalan]

Its reactions in the bonds of ATP which provide energy.. its a primary school concept that energy cant be created or destroyed but only processed, transferred and released. So would it be more accruate to say the energy is in the bonds of the molecules in ATP, but ATP is not the source of energy only its carrier - as ana mujhaid rightly said ?????

[ana_mujahid]

so ATP are molecules that produce energy, each time energy is produced the atp loses a phosphrous and becomes ATD, this energy can be used by the cells (what can the cells use this energy for? photosynthesis etc...?)

right?

[Arsalan]

so ATP are molecules that produce energy, each time energy is produced the atp loses a phosphrous and becomes ATD, this energy can be used by the cells (what can the cells use this energy for? photosynthesis etc...?)

right?

Correct me if iam wrong someone, but energy cannot be produced stricktly speaking it can only be released/transferred right? Mayby i was a little inaccruate when i said "provide energy", perhaps its better to say the reactions that occur when bonds are broken or made , release energy.? The energy drives other metabolisms necessary to maintain cells and therefore give life to the body and all its functions....

i.e functions such as movement, respiration, growth, etc..etc.. are examples that you would be expected to understand at GCSE level and are common to all life.

[ana_mujahid]

Correct me if iam wrong someone, but energy cannot be produced stricktly speaking it can only be released/transferred right? Mayby i was a little inaccruate when i said "provide energy", perhaps its better to say the reactions that occur when bonds are broken or made , release energy.? The energy drives other metabolisms necessary to maintain cells and therefore give life to the body and all its functions....

i.e functions such as movement, respiration, growth, etc..etc.. are examples that you would be expected to understand at GCSE level and are common to all life.

hmm true,

so ATP are molecules which release energy, each time energy is released the ATP loses a phosphrous and becomes ATD, this energy can be used by the cells, this energy can be used by the cell for various reactions such as photosynthesis, respiration, growth, repair etc...

so what happenes to the ATD?

[RaNdOm]

:salams

:rubeyes: wow i musta been clever when i was doin my exams

[mizfissy815]

I wouldn't say produce. It's the immediate source of energy for the cells.

You right about the rest, it looses an inorganic phosphate and forms ADP + energy. This energy can be used for many biological processes, including nerve transmission, active transport and biosynthesis.

[mizfissy815]

hmm true,

so ATP are molecules which release energy, each time energy is released the ATP loses a phosphrous and becomes ATD, this energy can be used by the cells, this energy can be used by the cell for various reactions such as photosynthesis, respiration, growth, repair etc...

so what happenes to the ATD?

Well, since it's the immediate source of energy in cells, it follows that there should always be a ready supply of it for use when required. This is where respiration comes in. The purpose of oxidising glucose is to provide energy for the formation of ATP from ADP.

ATP is synthesised by attaching a phosphate group to ADP, the opposite of ATP being hydrolysed. It's an endergonic reaction and the energy comes from the oxidation glucose in respiration.

This cycle ensures that there is sufficient ATP present at all times.

[ana_mujahid]

Well, since it's the immediate source of energy in cells, it follows that there should always be a ready supply of it for use when required. This is where respiration comes in. The purpose of oxidising glucose is to provide energy for the formation of ATP from ADP.

ATP is synthesised by attaching a phosphate group to ADP, the opposite of ATP being hydrolysed. It's an endergonic reaction and the energy comes from the oxidation glucose in respiration.

This cycle ensures that there is sufficient ATP present at all times.

interesting yet confussing, i didn't really fully understand what you've said.
so the ATP is waste product?

[mizfissy815]

interesting yet confussing, i didn't really fully understand what you've said.
so the ATP is waste product?

No.

Think of it this way, you always need to have some spare energy to keep your system running right?

The breakdown of ATP provides this energy...

ATP + H2O --(ATPase..not sure if you need to know)--->ADP + inorganic phosphate + energy

Now, to synthesis ATP...the opposite happens. But it's an endothermic reaction and so requires energy. This energy comes from the oxidation of glucose(respiration).




ADP + phosphate group --------> CO2 + water (endothermic)
.....................................^
.....................................| ....energy released from below...used for the above
.....................................|
glucose + O2 --------------------> CO2 + Water .....(exothermic)


So as long as you respire, you form ATP (from ADP) which is then broken down and the energy used on other life processes...and then you respire again and use the previously formed ADP to form ATP again...and the cycle continues.

Hope that makes sense.

Edit- See attachment for better diagram.

[Irfan GBH]

:salams

:rubeyes: wow i musta been clever when i was doin my exams

Yeah right :rolleyes:

[ana_mujahid]

No.

Think of it this way, you always need to have some spare energy to keep your system running right?

The breakdown of ATP provides this energy...

ATP + H2O --(ATPase..not sure if you need to know)--->ADP + inorganic phosphate + energy

Now, to synthesis ATP...the opposite happens. But it's an endothermic reaction and so requires energy. This energy comes from the oxidation of glucose(respiration).




ADP + phosphate group --------> CO2 + water (endothermic)
.....................................^
.....................................| ....energy released from below...used for the above
.....................................|
glucose + O2 --------------------> CO2 + Water .....(exothermic)


So as long as you respire, you form ATP (from ADP) which is then broken down and the energy used on other life processes...and then you respire again and use the previously formed ADP to form ATP again...and the cycle continues.

Hope that makes sense.

Edit- See attachment for better diagram.

yes that makes much more sence thank you,

so ADP is not a waste product, the energy released from aerobic respiration is used to make ATP

although i have not yet learnt this stuff its good to have it in mind :up: :jkk:

[Medievalist]

:salams

:rubeyes: wow i musta been clever when i was doin my exams

Thats what I was thinking :rotfl:
geeks

[ana_mujahid]

geeks

proud :up: