HAFEEZANWAR
09-09-07, 08:57 PM
Islam Portal
Islam is a monotheistic religion originating with
the teachingsof Muhammad, a 7th-century Arab
religious and political figure.
The word Islam means "submission",
or the total surrender of oneself to God (Arabic:
Çááå, Allāh). An adherent of Islam is known as a
Muslim, meaning "one who submits (to God)".[1][2]
There are between 1 and 1.5 billion Muslims, making
Islam the second-largest religion in the world, after
Christianity.[3]
Muslims believe that God revealed the Qur'an to
Muhammad, God's final prophet, and regard the Qur'an
and the Sunnah (words and deeds of Muhammad) as the
fundamental sources of Islam.[4]
They do not regard Muhammad as the founder of a new
religion, but as therestorer of the original monotheistic
faith of Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets.
Islamic tradition holds that Judaism and Christianity
distorted the messages of these prophets over time
either in interpretation, in text, or both.[5]
Islam includes many religious practices. Adherents are
generally required to observe the Five Pillars of
Islam, which are five duties that unite Muslims into a
community.[6] In addition to the Five Pillars, Islamic
law (sharia) has developed a tradition of rulings that
touch on virtually all aspects of life and society.
This tradition encompasses everything from practical
matters like dietary laws and banking to warfare.[7]
Almost all Muslims belong to one of two major
denominations, the Sunni and Shi'a. The schism
developed in the late 7th century following
disagreements over the religious and political
leadership of the Muslim community.
Roughly 85 percent of Muslims are Sunni and 15 percent are Shi'a.
Islam is the predominant religion throughout the Middle East,as well as in parts of Africa and Asia. Large communities are also found in China, Western Europe, the Balkan Peninsula, and Russia. About 20 percent of
Muslims live in Arab countries.[8]
Etymology and meaning
The word islām is derived from the Arabic verb
aslama, which means to accept, surrender or submit.
Thus, Islam means submission to and acceptance of God,
and believers must demonstrate this by worshiping him,
following his commands, and avoiding polytheism. The
word is given a number of meanings in the Qur'an. In
some verses (ayat), the quality of Islam as an
internal conviction is stressed:
"Whomsoever God desires to guide, He expands his breast to Islam."[9]
Other verses connect islām and dīn (usually translated as "religion"):
"Today, I have perfected your religion (dīn) for you; I have completed My
blessing upon you; I have approved Islam for your
religion."[10]
Still others describe Islam as an action of returning to God—more
than just a verbal affirmation of faith.[11]
Beliefs
Main article: Aqidah
According to the Qur'an all Muslims have to believe in
God, his revelations, his angels, his messengers, and
in the "Day of Judgment".[12] Also, there are other
beliefs that differ between particular sects. The
Sunni concept of predestination is called divine
decree,[13] while the Shi'a version is called divine
justice. Unique to the Shi'a is the doctrine of
Imamah, or the political and spiritual leadership of
the Imams.[14]
Muslims believe that God revealed his final message to
humanity through the Islamic prophet Muhammad via the
angel Gabriel. For them, Muhammad was God's final
prophet and the Qur'an is the revelations he received
over more than two decades.[15]
In Islam, prophets are men selected by God to be his messengers.
Muslims believe that prophets are human and not divine, though
some are able to perform miracles to prove their
claim. Islamic prophets are considered to be the
closest to perfection of all humans, and are uniquely
the recipients of divine revelation—either directly
from God or through angels.[16] Islamic theology says
that all of God's messengers since Adam preached the
message of Islam—submission to the will of the one
God. Islam is described in the Qur'an as "the
primordial nature upon which God created mankind",[17]
and the Qur'an states that the proper name Muslim was
given by Abraham.[18]
As a historical phenomenon, Islam originated in Arabia
in the early 7th century.[19] Islamic texts depict
Judaism and Christianity as prophetic successor
traditions to the teachings of Abraham. The Qur'an
calls Jews and Christians "People of the Book" (ahl
al-kitāb), and distinguishes them from
polytheists. Muslims believe that parts of the
previously revealed scriptures, the Tawrat (Torah) and
the Injil (Gospels), had become distorted—either in
interpretation, in text, or both.[5]
=================================================
Notes and references
^ Rabbi Nechemia Coopersmith and Rabbi Moshe Zeldman: "Did God Speak at Sinai", Aish HaTorah
^ Heschel, Abraham Joshua (1987). God in Search of Man: A Philosophy of Judaism. ason Aronson Inc.. 0876689551.
^ Catechism of the Catholic Church, Inspiration and Truth of Sacred Scripture (§105-108); Second Helvetic Confession, Of the Holy Scripture Being the True Word of God; Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy, online text
^ Thirty-nine Articles, Art. VI; Westminster Catechism, Q. 3; James White, Does The Bible Teach Sola Scriptura?
^ a b F.F. Bruce, The Canon of Scripture; Catechism of the Catholic Church, The Canon of Scripture § 120; Thirty-nine Articles, Art. VI
^ J.N.D. Kelly, Early Christian Doctrines pp. 87-90; T. Desmond Alexander, New Dictionary of Biblical Theology pp. 514-515; Alister E. McGrath, Historical Theology p. 61.
^ Vladimir Lossky God in Trinity; Loraine Boettner, One Substance, Three Persons
^ 2 Corinthians 11:13-15; 2 Peter 2:1-17; 2 John 7-11; Jude 4-13
^ Acts 15:1-2
^ Catechism of the Catholic, Sacred Scripture; Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy , online text; 2 Timothy 3:16; 2 Peter 1:21
^ John 16:7-14; 1 Corinthians 2:10ff
^ Kenneth Latourette, Christianity p. 394; E. A. Wallis Budge, Egyptian Religion
^ David Wenham, Paul: Follower of Jesus or Founder of Christianity?
^ "The empty tomb is a fiction -- Jesus did not raise (sic) bodily from the dead." front flap of Acts of Jesus.
^ Gary Miller, A concise reply to Christianity.
^ The Holy Qura'an, 3:46.
^ Mike Tabish,What does the Qur'an say about Isa (Jesus)?
^ Answering-Christianity.com, What does the Holy Qur'an say about Jesus (peace be upon him).
^ Divine Revelation. islam-info.ch. Retrieved on July 9, 2006.
^ Watton (1993), "Introduction"
^ Esposito (2002b), pp.4-5
^ [Qur'an 42:13]
^ The term Qur'an was first used in the Qur'an itself. There are two different theories about this term and its formation that are discussed in Quran#Etymology cf. "Qur'an", Encyclopedia of Islam Online.
^ The Cambridge History of Islam (1977) writes that "It is appropriate to use the word 'God' rather than the transliteration 'Allah'. For one thing it cannot be denied that Islam is an offshoot of the Judaeo-Christians tradition, and for another the Christian Arabs of today have no other word for 'God' than 'Allah'" cf p.32.
^ "If…they [Christians] mean that the Qur’an confirms the textual veracity of the scriptural books which they now possess—that is, the Torah and the Gospels—this is something which some Muslims will grant them and which many Muslims will dispute. However, most Muslims will grant them most of that." (quote from Ibn Taymiyya), see Accad (2003)
^ Accad (2003)
^ Esposito (1998), p.12; (1999) p.25; (2002) pp.4-5
^ "Muhammad", Encyclopedia of Islam Online
^ Peters (2003), p.9
^ "Qur'an and Polemics", Encyclopedia of the Qur'an (2005)
^ Bernard Lewis, The Jews of Islam (1984). Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-00807-8. p.69
^ The Dead Sea Scrolls Bible: The Oldest Known Bible Translated for the First Time into English (2002) HarperSanFrancisco. ISBN 0-06-060064-0
^ http://www.septuagint.net
^ Robert Spencer. Onward Muslim Soldiers, page 121.
^ [1]
^
^ Khaleel Muhammad, professor of religious studies at San Diego State University regarding his discussion with the critic Robert Spencer states that "when I am told ... that Jihad only means war, or that I have to accept interpretations of the Quran that non-Muslims (with no good intentions or knowledge of Islam) seek to force upon me, I see a certain agendum developing: one that is based on hate, and I refuse to be part of such an intellectual crime." [2]
^ Koran, by Gabriel Oussani, The Catholic Encyclopedia, retrieved April 13, 2006
^ Patricia Crone, Michael Cook, and Gerd R. Puin as quoted in Toby Lester. "What Is the Koran?", The Atlantic Monthly, January 1999.
^ Jewish Encyclopedia: comp. also xvi. 70
^ The Encyclopedia of Religion, By Mircea Eliade. Volum 12 pg. 165-6, pub. 1987 ISBN 0-02-909700-2
^ Robert Spencer. Onward Muslim Soldiers,
^ Book of Certitude: Dating the Iqan. Kalimat Press (1995). Retrieved on 2007-02-26.
^ The Writings of Baha'u'llah, Published in The Bahá'í World, vol. 14, pp. 620-32. Bahá'í World Centre. Retrieved on 2007-02-26.
^ A new volume of Bahá'í sacred writings, recently translated and comprising Bahá'u'lláh's call to world leaders, is published. Bahá'í World Centre. Retrieved on 2007-02-26.
^ Taherzadeh, A. (1976). The Revelation of Bahá'u'lláh, Volume 1: Baghdad 1853-63. Oxford, UK: George Ronald. ISBN 0853982708.
^ The Status of Pilgrims' Notes. bahai-library.org. Retrieved on 2007-02-26.
^ Continuing Revelation. Mormon.org. Retrieved on August 5, 2005.
^ Smith, Joseph F.. "41: Continuing Revelation for the Benefit of the Church", Teachings of Presidents of the Church: Joseph F. Smith. Salt Lake City, UT: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 362.
^ See Wentworth letter.
^ [3]
^ See Books of the Bible for a table listing the differences of the canon between Catholicism, Orthodoxy, and Protestantism. See also Biblical canon for a history of the development of the canon
^ Doctrine and Covenants 68:4
^ (2004) Crisis of Conscience, 4th, Commentary Press, 56. 0-914675-23-0. Harrison. Visions of Glory, 231.
^ Since 1942, Witness publications are produced under a policy of anonymity. Former Governing Body member Raymond Franz claims the translators of the New World Translation were Fred Franz, Nathan Knorr, Albert Schroeder and George Gangas. (2004) Crisis of Conscience, 4th, Commentary Press, 56. 0-914675-23-0.
^ In 1988, this was replaced by the 2-volume set Insight on the Scriptures.
^ (2005) A Book for All People. Watchtower.
^ (March 15 2002) "Christ Leads His Congregation". Watchtower: 13–16.
^ The rendering of the Tetragrammaton is different for different languages: "Geova" in Italian, for example.
^ (April 15 1996) "Why True Worship Receives God's Blessing". Watchtower: 17. .
^ (January 15 1992) "What Do the Scriptures Say About "the Divinity of Christ"?": 20–23.
^ ""His Vital Place in God's Purpose" and "Chief Agent of life"", Insight on the Scriptures Vol. e2. Watchtower, 60–61.
^ "Consequently, 1 Timothy 2:5, 6 is not using 'mediator' in the broad sense common in many languages. It is not saying that Jesus is a mediator between God and all mankind. Rather, it refers to Christ as legal Mediator (or, "attorney") of the new covenant, this being the restricted way in which the Bible uses the term.
^ (2005) What Does the Bible Really Teach?. Watchtower, 33–36. .
^ What Does the Bible Really Teach?. Watchtower, 204.
^ (1988) Insight on the Scriptures Vol. 2, 1019.
^ (1993) Jehovah's Witnesses—Proclaimers of God's Kingdom. Watchtower, 259–260.
^ Your Will Be Done on Earth. Watchtower, 337.
^ 1958 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses. Watchtower, 284.
^ M. James Penton. Apocalypse Delayed—The Story of Jehovah's Witnesses, 61. Attendance at the annual Memorial (statistics were published each year in the Watch Tower) shows the growth in the period before 1925. 1919: 17,961, 1922: 32,661, 1923: 42,000, 1924: 62,696, 1925: 90,434. 1926 marked the first decrease: 89,278.
^ See, for example, (1946) When Pastor Russell Died. Dawn Bible Students Association, 6-16.
^ (1921) The Harp of God, 231–236. affirms that “the Lord’s second presence dates from 1874.” (March 1 1922) "Watchtower": 71. and (1930) Prophecy, 65–66. reiterated this position. The eschatological changes during this period are documented in Thomas Daniels. Historical Idealism and Jehovah's Witnesses, 3–37. Retrieved on February 1, 2006. These are the current teachings of Jehovah's Witnesses regarding 1914, 1918 and 1919. They no longer consider the dates 1799, 1874 and 1878 to have any eschatological significance
^ The year 1975 was first mentioned in 1966. See (October 8 1966) "How Much Longer Will It Be?". 'Awake!': 17–20. Retrieved on March 6, 2006.
^ A comprehensive list of quotes from Watch Tower 1975 articles, unaltered with date references, publication, and page numbers etc.Quotes about 1975. See also 1975: 'THE APPROPRIATE TIME FOR GOD TO ACT'. Page 14 of the October 8, 1968 Awake! demonstrates the disclaimer that was made at the time: "Does this mean that the above evidence positively points to 1975 as the complete end of this system of things? Since the Bible does not specifically state this, no man can say...If the 1970s should see intervention by Jehovah God to bring an end to a corrupt world drifting toward ultimate disintegration, that should surely not surprise us.".
^ (July 18 1969) "Witnessing the End". Time. Retrieved on September 12, 2006.
^ Raymond Franz. "1975—The Appropriate Time for God to Act", Crisis of Conscience, 237–253. Retrieved on July 27, 2006. This drop in membership has been variously analyzed. Richard Singelenberg (“The ‘1975′-prophecy and its impact among Dutch Jehovah’s Witnesses”) in Sociological Analysis 50(1)1989, pp 23–40 notes a 9 per cent drop in total publishers (door-to-door preachers) and a 38 per cent drop in pioneers (full-time preachers) in the Netherlands. The January 30, 1982 Los Angeles Times ("Defectors Feel 'Witness' Wrath: Critics say Baptism Rise Gives False Picture of Growth" by John Dart, p. B4) cited statistics showing a net increase of publishers worldwide from 1971–1981 of 737,241, while baptisms totaled 1.71 million for the same period.
^ The Watchtower, 15 March, 1980, p.17 "With the appearance of the book Life Everlasting—in Freedom of the Sons of God, ... considerable expectation was aroused regarding the year 1975. ... there were other statements published that implied that such realization of hopes by that year was more of a probability than a mere possibility. It is to be regretted that these latter statements apparently overshadowed the cautionary ones and contributed to a buildup of the expectation already initiated. ... persons having to do with the publication of the information ... contributed to the buildup of hopes centered on that date."
^ "A Time To Keep Awake", The Watchtower (November 1, 1995), p. 19 par. 12, and p. 20 par. 15.
^ "'The Great Day of Jehovah is near,' said God's prophet. (Zephaniah 1:14) That day is fast approaching, so we need to live with it in mind." — (2006) Live With Jehovah's Day in Mind. Watchtower, 4.
^ Encycl. Britannica, 15th edition, 1994, passim.
The Newsletter of the Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon
==================================================
SEARCH FROM THE WEB SITE WIKIPEDIA
BY
MUHAMMED A. HAFEEZ
B.COM.,
HDYERABAD, INDIA.,
EMAIL ; hafeezanwar@yahoo.com
==================================================
Islam is a monotheistic religion originating with
the teachingsof Muhammad, a 7th-century Arab
religious and political figure.
The word Islam means "submission",
or the total surrender of oneself to God (Arabic:
Çááå, Allāh). An adherent of Islam is known as a
Muslim, meaning "one who submits (to God)".[1][2]
There are between 1 and 1.5 billion Muslims, making
Islam the second-largest religion in the world, after
Christianity.[3]
Muslims believe that God revealed the Qur'an to
Muhammad, God's final prophet, and regard the Qur'an
and the Sunnah (words and deeds of Muhammad) as the
fundamental sources of Islam.[4]
They do not regard Muhammad as the founder of a new
religion, but as therestorer of the original monotheistic
faith of Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets.
Islamic tradition holds that Judaism and Christianity
distorted the messages of these prophets over time
either in interpretation, in text, or both.[5]
Islam includes many religious practices. Adherents are
generally required to observe the Five Pillars of
Islam, which are five duties that unite Muslims into a
community.[6] In addition to the Five Pillars, Islamic
law (sharia) has developed a tradition of rulings that
touch on virtually all aspects of life and society.
This tradition encompasses everything from practical
matters like dietary laws and banking to warfare.[7]
Almost all Muslims belong to one of two major
denominations, the Sunni and Shi'a. The schism
developed in the late 7th century following
disagreements over the religious and political
leadership of the Muslim community.
Roughly 85 percent of Muslims are Sunni and 15 percent are Shi'a.
Islam is the predominant religion throughout the Middle East,as well as in parts of Africa and Asia. Large communities are also found in China, Western Europe, the Balkan Peninsula, and Russia. About 20 percent of
Muslims live in Arab countries.[8]
Etymology and meaning
The word islām is derived from the Arabic verb
aslama, which means to accept, surrender or submit.
Thus, Islam means submission to and acceptance of God,
and believers must demonstrate this by worshiping him,
following his commands, and avoiding polytheism. The
word is given a number of meanings in the Qur'an. In
some verses (ayat), the quality of Islam as an
internal conviction is stressed:
"Whomsoever God desires to guide, He expands his breast to Islam."[9]
Other verses connect islām and dīn (usually translated as "religion"):
"Today, I have perfected your religion (dīn) for you; I have completed My
blessing upon you; I have approved Islam for your
religion."[10]
Still others describe Islam as an action of returning to God—more
than just a verbal affirmation of faith.[11]
Beliefs
Main article: Aqidah
According to the Qur'an all Muslims have to believe in
God, his revelations, his angels, his messengers, and
in the "Day of Judgment".[12] Also, there are other
beliefs that differ between particular sects. The
Sunni concept of predestination is called divine
decree,[13] while the Shi'a version is called divine
justice. Unique to the Shi'a is the doctrine of
Imamah, or the political and spiritual leadership of
the Imams.[14]
Muslims believe that God revealed his final message to
humanity through the Islamic prophet Muhammad via the
angel Gabriel. For them, Muhammad was God's final
prophet and the Qur'an is the revelations he received
over more than two decades.[15]
In Islam, prophets are men selected by God to be his messengers.
Muslims believe that prophets are human and not divine, though
some are able to perform miracles to prove their
claim. Islamic prophets are considered to be the
closest to perfection of all humans, and are uniquely
the recipients of divine revelation—either directly
from God or through angels.[16] Islamic theology says
that all of God's messengers since Adam preached the
message of Islam—submission to the will of the one
God. Islam is described in the Qur'an as "the
primordial nature upon which God created mankind",[17]
and the Qur'an states that the proper name Muslim was
given by Abraham.[18]
As a historical phenomenon, Islam originated in Arabia
in the early 7th century.[19] Islamic texts depict
Judaism and Christianity as prophetic successor
traditions to the teachings of Abraham. The Qur'an
calls Jews and Christians "People of the Book" (ahl
al-kitāb), and distinguishes them from
polytheists. Muslims believe that parts of the
previously revealed scriptures, the Tawrat (Torah) and
the Injil (Gospels), had become distorted—either in
interpretation, in text, or both.[5]
=================================================
Notes and references
^ Rabbi Nechemia Coopersmith and Rabbi Moshe Zeldman: "Did God Speak at Sinai", Aish HaTorah
^ Heschel, Abraham Joshua (1987). God in Search of Man: A Philosophy of Judaism. ason Aronson Inc.. 0876689551.
^ Catechism of the Catholic Church, Inspiration and Truth of Sacred Scripture (§105-108); Second Helvetic Confession, Of the Holy Scripture Being the True Word of God; Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy, online text
^ Thirty-nine Articles, Art. VI; Westminster Catechism, Q. 3; James White, Does The Bible Teach Sola Scriptura?
^ a b F.F. Bruce, The Canon of Scripture; Catechism of the Catholic Church, The Canon of Scripture § 120; Thirty-nine Articles, Art. VI
^ J.N.D. Kelly, Early Christian Doctrines pp. 87-90; T. Desmond Alexander, New Dictionary of Biblical Theology pp. 514-515; Alister E. McGrath, Historical Theology p. 61.
^ Vladimir Lossky God in Trinity; Loraine Boettner, One Substance, Three Persons
^ 2 Corinthians 11:13-15; 2 Peter 2:1-17; 2 John 7-11; Jude 4-13
^ Acts 15:1-2
^ Catechism of the Catholic, Sacred Scripture; Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy , online text; 2 Timothy 3:16; 2 Peter 1:21
^ John 16:7-14; 1 Corinthians 2:10ff
^ Kenneth Latourette, Christianity p. 394; E. A. Wallis Budge, Egyptian Religion
^ David Wenham, Paul: Follower of Jesus or Founder of Christianity?
^ "The empty tomb is a fiction -- Jesus did not raise (sic) bodily from the dead." front flap of Acts of Jesus.
^ Gary Miller, A concise reply to Christianity.
^ The Holy Qura'an, 3:46.
^ Mike Tabish,What does the Qur'an say about Isa (Jesus)?
^ Answering-Christianity.com, What does the Holy Qur'an say about Jesus (peace be upon him).
^ Divine Revelation. islam-info.ch. Retrieved on July 9, 2006.
^ Watton (1993), "Introduction"
^ Esposito (2002b), pp.4-5
^ [Qur'an 42:13]
^ The term Qur'an was first used in the Qur'an itself. There are two different theories about this term and its formation that are discussed in Quran#Etymology cf. "Qur'an", Encyclopedia of Islam Online.
^ The Cambridge History of Islam (1977) writes that "It is appropriate to use the word 'God' rather than the transliteration 'Allah'. For one thing it cannot be denied that Islam is an offshoot of the Judaeo-Christians tradition, and for another the Christian Arabs of today have no other word for 'God' than 'Allah'" cf p.32.
^ "If…they [Christians] mean that the Qur’an confirms the textual veracity of the scriptural books which they now possess—that is, the Torah and the Gospels—this is something which some Muslims will grant them and which many Muslims will dispute. However, most Muslims will grant them most of that." (quote from Ibn Taymiyya), see Accad (2003)
^ Accad (2003)
^ Esposito (1998), p.12; (1999) p.25; (2002) pp.4-5
^ "Muhammad", Encyclopedia of Islam Online
^ Peters (2003), p.9
^ "Qur'an and Polemics", Encyclopedia of the Qur'an (2005)
^ Bernard Lewis, The Jews of Islam (1984). Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-00807-8. p.69
^ The Dead Sea Scrolls Bible: The Oldest Known Bible Translated for the First Time into English (2002) HarperSanFrancisco. ISBN 0-06-060064-0
^ http://www.septuagint.net
^ Robert Spencer. Onward Muslim Soldiers, page 121.
^ [1]
^
^ Khaleel Muhammad, professor of religious studies at San Diego State University regarding his discussion with the critic Robert Spencer states that "when I am told ... that Jihad only means war, or that I have to accept interpretations of the Quran that non-Muslims (with no good intentions or knowledge of Islam) seek to force upon me, I see a certain agendum developing: one that is based on hate, and I refuse to be part of such an intellectual crime." [2]
^ Koran, by Gabriel Oussani, The Catholic Encyclopedia, retrieved April 13, 2006
^ Patricia Crone, Michael Cook, and Gerd R. Puin as quoted in Toby Lester. "What Is the Koran?", The Atlantic Monthly, January 1999.
^ Jewish Encyclopedia: comp. also xvi. 70
^ The Encyclopedia of Religion, By Mircea Eliade. Volum 12 pg. 165-6, pub. 1987 ISBN 0-02-909700-2
^ Robert Spencer. Onward Muslim Soldiers,
^ Book of Certitude: Dating the Iqan. Kalimat Press (1995). Retrieved on 2007-02-26.
^ The Writings of Baha'u'llah, Published in The Bahá'í World, vol. 14, pp. 620-32. Bahá'í World Centre. Retrieved on 2007-02-26.
^ A new volume of Bahá'í sacred writings, recently translated and comprising Bahá'u'lláh's call to world leaders, is published. Bahá'í World Centre. Retrieved on 2007-02-26.
^ Taherzadeh, A. (1976). The Revelation of Bahá'u'lláh, Volume 1: Baghdad 1853-63. Oxford, UK: George Ronald. ISBN 0853982708.
^ The Status of Pilgrims' Notes. bahai-library.org. Retrieved on 2007-02-26.
^ Continuing Revelation. Mormon.org. Retrieved on August 5, 2005.
^ Smith, Joseph F.. "41: Continuing Revelation for the Benefit of the Church", Teachings of Presidents of the Church: Joseph F. Smith. Salt Lake City, UT: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 362.
^ See Wentworth letter.
^ [3]
^ See Books of the Bible for a table listing the differences of the canon between Catholicism, Orthodoxy, and Protestantism. See also Biblical canon for a history of the development of the canon
^ Doctrine and Covenants 68:4
^ (2004) Crisis of Conscience, 4th, Commentary Press, 56. 0-914675-23-0. Harrison. Visions of Glory, 231.
^ Since 1942, Witness publications are produced under a policy of anonymity. Former Governing Body member Raymond Franz claims the translators of the New World Translation were Fred Franz, Nathan Knorr, Albert Schroeder and George Gangas. (2004) Crisis of Conscience, 4th, Commentary Press, 56. 0-914675-23-0.
^ In 1988, this was replaced by the 2-volume set Insight on the Scriptures.
^ (2005) A Book for All People. Watchtower.
^ (March 15 2002) "Christ Leads His Congregation". Watchtower: 13–16.
^ The rendering of the Tetragrammaton is different for different languages: "Geova" in Italian, for example.
^ (April 15 1996) "Why True Worship Receives God's Blessing". Watchtower: 17. .
^ (January 15 1992) "What Do the Scriptures Say About "the Divinity of Christ"?": 20–23.
^ ""His Vital Place in God's Purpose" and "Chief Agent of life"", Insight on the Scriptures Vol. e2. Watchtower, 60–61.
^ "Consequently, 1 Timothy 2:5, 6 is not using 'mediator' in the broad sense common in many languages. It is not saying that Jesus is a mediator between God and all mankind. Rather, it refers to Christ as legal Mediator (or, "attorney") of the new covenant, this being the restricted way in which the Bible uses the term.
^ (2005) What Does the Bible Really Teach?. Watchtower, 33–36. .
^ What Does the Bible Really Teach?. Watchtower, 204.
^ (1988) Insight on the Scriptures Vol. 2, 1019.
^ (1993) Jehovah's Witnesses—Proclaimers of God's Kingdom. Watchtower, 259–260.
^ Your Will Be Done on Earth. Watchtower, 337.
^ 1958 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses. Watchtower, 284.
^ M. James Penton. Apocalypse Delayed—The Story of Jehovah's Witnesses, 61. Attendance at the annual Memorial (statistics were published each year in the Watch Tower) shows the growth in the period before 1925. 1919: 17,961, 1922: 32,661, 1923: 42,000, 1924: 62,696, 1925: 90,434. 1926 marked the first decrease: 89,278.
^ See, for example, (1946) When Pastor Russell Died. Dawn Bible Students Association, 6-16.
^ (1921) The Harp of God, 231–236. affirms that “the Lord’s second presence dates from 1874.” (March 1 1922) "Watchtower": 71. and (1930) Prophecy, 65–66. reiterated this position. The eschatological changes during this period are documented in Thomas Daniels. Historical Idealism and Jehovah's Witnesses, 3–37. Retrieved on February 1, 2006. These are the current teachings of Jehovah's Witnesses regarding 1914, 1918 and 1919. They no longer consider the dates 1799, 1874 and 1878 to have any eschatological significance
^ The year 1975 was first mentioned in 1966. See (October 8 1966) "How Much Longer Will It Be?". 'Awake!': 17–20. Retrieved on March 6, 2006.
^ A comprehensive list of quotes from Watch Tower 1975 articles, unaltered with date references, publication, and page numbers etc.Quotes about 1975. See also 1975: 'THE APPROPRIATE TIME FOR GOD TO ACT'. Page 14 of the October 8, 1968 Awake! demonstrates the disclaimer that was made at the time: "Does this mean that the above evidence positively points to 1975 as the complete end of this system of things? Since the Bible does not specifically state this, no man can say...If the 1970s should see intervention by Jehovah God to bring an end to a corrupt world drifting toward ultimate disintegration, that should surely not surprise us.".
^ (July 18 1969) "Witnessing the End". Time. Retrieved on September 12, 2006.
^ Raymond Franz. "1975—The Appropriate Time for God to Act", Crisis of Conscience, 237–253. Retrieved on July 27, 2006. This drop in membership has been variously analyzed. Richard Singelenberg (“The ‘1975′-prophecy and its impact among Dutch Jehovah’s Witnesses”) in Sociological Analysis 50(1)1989, pp 23–40 notes a 9 per cent drop in total publishers (door-to-door preachers) and a 38 per cent drop in pioneers (full-time preachers) in the Netherlands. The January 30, 1982 Los Angeles Times ("Defectors Feel 'Witness' Wrath: Critics say Baptism Rise Gives False Picture of Growth" by John Dart, p. B4) cited statistics showing a net increase of publishers worldwide from 1971–1981 of 737,241, while baptisms totaled 1.71 million for the same period.
^ The Watchtower, 15 March, 1980, p.17 "With the appearance of the book Life Everlasting—in Freedom of the Sons of God, ... considerable expectation was aroused regarding the year 1975. ... there were other statements published that implied that such realization of hopes by that year was more of a probability than a mere possibility. It is to be regretted that these latter statements apparently overshadowed the cautionary ones and contributed to a buildup of the expectation already initiated. ... persons having to do with the publication of the information ... contributed to the buildup of hopes centered on that date."
^ "A Time To Keep Awake", The Watchtower (November 1, 1995), p. 19 par. 12, and p. 20 par. 15.
^ "'The Great Day of Jehovah is near,' said God's prophet. (Zephaniah 1:14) That day is fast approaching, so we need to live with it in mind." — (2006) Live With Jehovah's Day in Mind. Watchtower, 4.
^ Encycl. Britannica, 15th edition, 1994, passim.
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